Space Weather Phenomena

The Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) and Aurora Australis (Southern Lights) are the result of electrons colliding with the upper reaches of Earth&

Coronal holes appear as dark areas in the solar corona in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray solar images.

The magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnet

The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (2800 MHz) is an excellent indicator of solar activity.

Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) are the slowly varying, highly energetic background source of energetic particles that constantly bombard Earth.

Geomagnetic storms are fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, caused by changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field.

The Ionosphere, between 80 and ~600 km in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, is where solar radiation caused ionization creates a layer of electrons that can effect earth systems.

Ionospheric scintillation is the rapid modification of radio waves caused by small scale structures in the ionosphere.

Radiation belts are regions of enhanced populations of energetic electrons and protons surrounding the Earth in space.

Solar Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) is solar radiation that covers the wavelengths 10 – 120 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Solar flares are large eruptions of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun lasting from minutes to hours.

Solar radiation storms occur when a large-scale magnetic eruption, often causing a

The solar wind continuously flows outward from the Sun and consists mainly of protons and electrons in a state known as a plasma.

Sunspots are dark areas that become apparent at the Sun’s photosphere as a result of intense magnetic flux pushing up from further within the

The Total Electron Content (TEC) is the total number of electrons present along a path between a radio transmitter and receiver.

What are those bright spots that appear in the CME Image, people often ask.